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第41章(第1页)

[130]thechronologicaldifficultiesraisedbytheaountoftheophylactsiocatteshaveoftenbeendiscsedforarecentanddetailedstudyseeglabuda,&lso;chronologiedesguerresdebyzancentrelesavarsetlesslaveàlafdu6esiècle&rso;,bs11(1950),167ff,whoatasthatthewardidnotbeguntil596,andgrafenauer,nekajvprasanj62ff,whonsiders(rightlyyview)thatthewarlastedfro592until602seealjbbury,&lso;thechronologyoftheophylactsiocatta&rso;,ehr3(1888),210ff

[131]thegreenswerethefavouredpartyunderauriceaordgtoyjanssens,&lso;lesbleetlesvertsaurice,phocasethéracli&rso;,b11(1936),499ffthisiswarlydefendedbyhgrégoire,&lso;l&rso;epereuraurices&rso;appuyait-ilsurlesvertsousurlesble?&rso;annalesdel&rso;stkondakov10(1938),107ff;seealhisilatgnotes,&lso;sateeuphéieetl&rso;epereuraurice&rso;,élanslefort(1946),295fftheoppositeviewistakenbyfdolr,bz37(1937),542fand38(1938),525ffdjakonov(&lso;vizdiy&rso;221ff)nsidersthatauricefavouredthebes,butadoptedanciliatoryattitudetowardsthegreens

[132]cfhlzer,&lso;derstreit&uul;berdentiteldesokunischenpatriarchen&rso;,jahrbfprotesttheol13(1897),549ff;ecaspar,schdespapsttus2(1933),367,452ff;jhaller,daspapsttu1(1936),285ff;vlaurent,&lso;letitredepatriarcheoecuénieetlasignaturepatriarcale&rso;,reb6(1948),5ff

[133]dolr,reg155

[134]theophanes1297,4,ogtotheuncertatyandabiguityoftheurcesitisnoteasytodecidewhenthepartyofthegreensabandonedphocasyjanssens,opcit,515ff,akesadetailedattepttoarguethatthegreens&rso;breakwithphocaswasasearlyas603seealjkulakovskij,&lso;kkritikeizvestijfeofanaoposlednegodepravlenijafoki&rso;(acriticalexaationoftheophanesonthelastyearofphocas&rso;reign),5521(1914),9fontheotherhand,ostscholarsputtheproscriptionofthegreenstowardstheendofphocas&rso;reignseealbury,laterroepire21,204;pareti,&lso;verdieazzuriaitepidifoca&rso;,studiitalianidifilolclass19(1912)305ff;nhbaynes,&lso;thesuesrsofjtian&rso;,h2(1913)286;dolr,reg159djakonov,opcit,223ff,hasrecentlyadeanexhativeattepttoshowthatthegreenswerefallydisbandedbyphocas609(allevcenko,&lso;veyiprasyvvizantiiv5-7vv&rso;(besandgreensbyzantiufrothefifthtotheseventhcenturies),5526(1947),177ff,whorepeatsdjakonov&rso;sargunt,oftenalostwordforword)theiportantestionis,however,notuchwhichyearthebreakbeeenphocasandthegreensca,asthefactthatitwastheantagonisofthegreenswhichntributeddecisivelytophocas&rso;fall,fortheyturnedagasthiwithgreatbitternessatthecriticalpotanddecidedforheraclialtheorthodoxandpro-roanephasisofphocas&rso;elesiasticalpolicy,whichisoforeiprotancethandjakonovallows(&lso;vizdiy&rso;225,likewiselevcenko,opcit179alostidenticalwords),doesnotarguefor&lso;green&rso;sypathies

[135]therearevividdescriptionsnteporaryrucesoftheanarchicalnditionsthebyzanteepireatthattiparticularlysignificantisthedescriptiontheiraculasdetrii,aass,8oct,4,132(igne,pg116,1261f):&lso;youallknowonlytoowellwhatacloudofdtthedevilhasstirredupunderthesuesrofauriceofblessedory,forhehasstifledloveandwnutualhatredthroughoutthewholeeast,ciliciaandasiaandpalesteandalltheregionsround,everuptothegatesoftheiperialcityitself;thedes,notsatisfiedwith射ddgthebloodoftheirfellowdesnthestreets,haveforcedtheirwaytoeachothers&rso;hoesandrcilesslyurderedthosewith,throgdownalivefrotheupperstorieswonandchildren,youngandold,whoweretooweaktosavetheselvesbyflight;barbarianfashiontheyhavepnderedtheirfellow-citizens,theiracatancesandrelations,andhavesetfiretotheirhoes…&rso;

[136]dolr,reg152

[137]onthedateseeostrogorsky,&lso;chronologie&rso;30,note1

[138]chronpas插le701,17sufficientattentionhasbeengiventothisveryrativedocuntthediscsionastowhichoftheopartiesphocaswasostcloselyasciatedwith(cfp84,n3above)。

第2章 生存斗争和拜占廷国家的复兴(610~711年)

史料

与查士丁尼时代史料极为丰富相反,7世纪是史料极为匮乏的阶段。这一点在伊拉克略以后这段时间特别明显,正是由于史料奇缺,这个时期又被合理地称为拜占廷历史的黑暗年代。

伊拉克略的伟大功绩为皮西迪亚的乔治(eofpi-sidia)所歌颂,他是圣索非亚教堂的执事,在大教长塞尔吉乌斯(sergi,610~639年在任)任内作教堂的神器管理员和档案管理员,他是杰出的诗人,后世拜占廷人将他比喻为希腊悲剧作家欧里庇得斯,在其大量作品中,有使用三音步抑扬格诗写作的多部史诗。其中特别重要的是描述伊拉克略于622年对波斯人的战争,以及626年抵抗阿瓦尔人进攻君士坦丁堡的战事,还有就是歌颂最终推翻波斯人的《伊拉克略》颂词。[1][2]所谓《复活节编年史》的作者是伊拉克略的同时代人,也是塞尔吉乌斯圈子里的一个人物。这部作品主要包括编年体例的大事纪,以及一些历史评论,涉及从亚当到628年的历史,目前残留的部分涉及到627年。该书只有莫里斯去世以后的最后一部分才有真正的价值。

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